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Klonopin is a drug belonging to the benzodiazepine group, which has anti-anxiety, anticonvulsant, muscle relaxant, sedative, mood stabilizing, and hypnotic effects. The drug is used to suppress epileptic seizures, panic attacks, and severe anxiety. Potentially life-threatening side effects are respiratory and cardiac arrest.
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Applications and effect
Benzodiazepines have an anti-anxiety and calming effect: fear, anxiety, and motor restlessness disappear in consumers. Therefore, the main medical indications for the use of Klonopin are anxiety disorders, psychomotor agitation, and panic attacks, as well as psychotic symptoms that occur in schizophrenia.
Benzodiazepines are also used as a sedative before surgery, for epileptic seizures, tetanus, febrile seizures, and other conditions with increased muscle tone.
Clonazepam is an allosteric GABA receptor agonist that reduces the excitability of nerve cells. The anti-anxiety effect is achieved due to the inhibition of the release of "excitatory" neurotransmitters in the limbic system, which is responsible for controlling emotional behavior.
Klonopin prolongs non-REM sleep and reduces the duration of REM sleep but is rarely used as a hypnotic due to its long half-life. Klonopin is rapidly absorbed after administration through the gastrointestinal tract. The maximum concentration in the blood and the effect is achieved after 2-3 hours.
Side effectsMain side effects:
● fatigue
● drowsiness
● difficulty concentrating
● depression
● memory losses
Loss of coordination, dizziness, and muscle weakness increases the risk of falling. Other side effects include slow or slurred speech, blurred vision, nausea, diarrhea, dry mouth, increased appetite, slowed breathing, and decreased blood pressure.
Due to the reduced reactivity, driving ability is reduced, which increases the risk of accidents while driving. Side effects are dose-dependent. In some diseases - impaired lung function and breathing (for example, asthma) or muscle weakness - benzodiazepines should not be taken.
Possible long-term effects:
● dulling of emotions
● problems with concentration and memory
● physical exhaustion
● mental decline
Klonopin and all benzodiazepine drugs are contraindicated in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) because they have the paradoxical effect of exacerbating symptoms of hyperactivity and impulsivity. Also, the drug negatively affects working memory and executive functions in general.
The following paradoxical effects occur less frequently in people without ADHD:
● hyperexcitability
● irritability
● anxiety
● aggressive or hostile behavior
● panic states
● sleep disorders
● nightmares
It is important to remember that Klonopin, like any other benzodiazepine, is only recommended for short periods of time (2 to 4 weeks maximum) due to the risk of developing tolerance and physical dependence.
Also, sometimes Klonopin weakens the respiratory center and cardiac activity. Infants and preschool children have increased salivation and mucus production in the airways.
At very high doses in people with low tolerance, the drug causes severe amnesia, which is accompanied by behavioral disinhibition. An overdose can cause amnesia for several days. Death from an overdose is almost impossible; only when used with other drugs is the risk of death greater.
InteractionsSimultaneous use with other sedative substances - alcohol, barbiturates, or opiates - as well as with some antidepressants or antihistamines enhances the depressant effect of Klonopin. As a result, the risk of respiratory and cardiac arrest increases.
Clonazepam and its metabolites pass through the placenta to the embryo, resulting in "flexible baby syndrome" characterized by flaccid muscles, labored breathing, and an impaired sucking reflex. Therefore, benzodiazepines should be used during pregnancy only if deemed necessary by a physician. Since Klonopin passes into breast milk, lactation is an absolute contraindication to the use of the drug.
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